Feeding tube placement: auscultatory method and x-ray agreement / Posicionamiento de la sonda enteral: concordancia entre el teste de ausculta y rayo-x / Sondagem enteral: concordância entre teste de ausculta e raio-x na determinação do posicionamento da sonda

Objective: to evaluate the correlation between the auscultation test and X-ray when detecting the position of an enteral feeding tube. Methods: cross-sectional study in an intensive care unit in southern Brazil, in 2011. Clinical nurse and nurse researcher performed auscultation test recording the impressions regarding the placement of an enteral feeding tube in 80 patients. A doctor evaluated the X-ray. Kappa coefficient and PABAK reviewed the agreements. Results: The X-ray showed that 70% of the enteral tubes were in the stomach, 27.4% in the duodenum, 1.3% in the esophagus, and 1.3% in the right lung. There was a weak correlation between clinical nurses and nurse researchers (PABAK = 0.054; P = 0.103), clinical nurses and X-rays (PABAK = 0.188; P = 0.111) and nurse researchers and X-rays (PABAK = 0.128; P = 0.107) . The auscultation test did not detect two risk conditions, enteral feeding tube in the esophagus and the bronchus. Conclusion: the auscultation test showed little agreement with the X-ray on the enteral feeding tube location.

Objetivo: evaluar la concordancia entre test de ausculta y Rayo-X en la detección del posicionamiento de la sonda enteral. Métodos: estudio transversal en un Centro de Terapia Intensiva del sur de Brasil (2011). Enfermero asistencial y enfermero investigadora realizaron teste de ausculta y registraron sus impresiones en 80 pacientes. Una médica evaluó el Rayo-X. Coeficiente Kappa y PABAK evaluaron las concordancias. Resultados: Rayo-X mostro 70% de las sondas enterales en el estómago, 27,6% en el duodeno, 1,3% en el esófago y 1,3% en el pulmón derecho. Hubo débil concordancia entre enfermero asistencial y enfermero investigadora (PABAK =0,054; P=0,103), enfermero asistencial y Rayo-X (PABAK=0,188; P=0,111) y enfermero investigador y Rayo-X (PABAK =0,128; P=0,107). El teste de ausculta no ha detectado dos condiciones de riesgo, sonda enteral en el esófago y en el bronquio. Conclusión: teste de ausculta se ha mostrado poco concordante con el Rayo-X en la posición de la sonda enteral.

Objetivo: Avaliar a concordância entre o teste de ausculta e o raio-X na detecção do posicionamento da sonda enteral. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em um Centro de Terapia Intensiva do sul do Brasil, em 2011. Enfermeira assistencial e enfermeira pesquisadora realizaram teste de ausculta registrando suas impressões quanto ao posicionamento da sonda enteral em 80 pacientes. Uma médica avaliou o raio-X. Coeficiente Kappa e PABAK avaliaram as concordâncias. Resultados: O raio-X mostrou 70% das sondas enterais no estômago, 27,4% no duodeno, 1,3% no esôfago e 1,3% no pulmão direito. Houve fraca concordância entre enfermeira assistencial e enfermeira pesquisadora (PABAK =0,054; P=0,103), enfermeira assistencial e raio-X (PABAK=0,188; P=0,111) e enfermeira pesquisadora e raio-X (PABAK =0,128; P=0,107). O teste de ausculta não detectou duas condições de risco, sonda enteral no esôfago e no brônquio. Conclusão: O teste de ausculta mostrou-se pouco concordante com o raio-X na localização da sonda enteral.

[Feeding tube placement: auscultatory method and x-ray agreement]. / Sondagem enteral: concordância entre teste de ausculta e raio-x na determinação do posicionamento da sonda.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the correlation between the auscultation test and X-ray when detecting the position of an enteral feeding tube. METHODS: cross-sectional study in an intensive care unit in southern Brazil, in 2011. Clinical nurse and nurse researcher performed auscultation test recording the impressions regarding the placement of an enteral feeding tube in 80 patients. A doctor evaluated the X-ray. Kappa coefficient and PABAK reviewed the agreements. RESULTS: The X-ray showed that 70% of the enteral tubes were in the stomach, 27.4% in the duodenum, 1.3% in the esophagus, and 1.3% in the right lung. There was a weak correlation between clinical nurses and nurse researchers (PABAK=0.054; P=0.103), clinical nurses and X-rays (PABAK=0.188; P=0.111) and nurse researchers and X-rays (PABAK=0.128; P=0.107) . The auscultation test did not detect two risk conditions, enteral feeding tube in the esophagus and the bronchus. CONCLUSION: the auscultation test showed little agreement with the X-ray on the enteral feeding tube location.

Nutrição enteral: diferenças entre volume, calorias e proteínas prescritos e administrados em adultos / Enteral nutrition: differences between volume, energy and protein prescribed and administered in adults

OBJETIVO: Diferentes condições determinam que pacientes críticos recebam volumes, aportes energéticos e protéicos de nutrição enteral menores que o prescrito. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a diferença entre a nutrição enteral prescrita e administrada a adultos internados em centro de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Durante 30 dias de 2009, pacientes foram acompanhados do início do uso de nutrição enteral até a sua suspensão, ou até a alta do centro de terapia intensiva. Foram usados testes paramétricos e não paramétricos para identificar diferenças entre o prescrito e administrado. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 85 pacientes, com 58,6±18,0 anos, sendo 40 por cento do sexo masculino, que permaneceram internados por 29,5 dias (IQ: 15,2 - 48,7) e utilizaram nutrição enteral por 10 (IQ: 4,2 - 27,5) dias. Os pacientes receberam menos volume (-428±243 ml/dia), calorias (-665±412 Kcal/dia) e proteínas (-30±19 g de proteína/dia) do que prescrito. Quando avaliadas as diferenças diárias entre o prescrito e o administrado para cada paciente, observou-se que cerca de 40 por cento do volume não foi administrado. Os principais motivos para interrupção da dieta foram: náuseas e vômitos, distensão abdominal, constipação e complicações clínicas (52 por cento); realização de procedimentos diagnósticos (41,6 por cento); e transição para via oral (5,6 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes internados em centro de terapia intensiva recebem menos nutrição enteral que o prescrito. A rotina de cuidados e a ocorrência de complicações do trato gastrointestinal motivam interrupções da nutrição enteral, contribuindo para que pacientes de centro de terapia intensiva recebam menor aporte calórico do que prescrito.

OBJECTIVES: Different conditions require that critically ill patients to receive lower than prescribed enteral nutrition volumes, energy and protein. This study objective was to evaluate the prescribed versus administered enteral nutrition difference in adults admitted to an intensive care unit. METHODS: In 2009, patients were followed for 30 days from the start of enteral nutrition to its discontinuation, or discharge from the intensive care unit. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to evaluate prescribed versus administered differences. RESULTS: Eighty five patients were enrolled; mean age was 58.6±18.0 years and 40 percent were male. The patients remained in hospital for 29.5 days (IQ: 15.2 - 48.7) and were under enteral nutrition for 10 (IQ: 4.2 - 27.5) days. Lower than enteral nutrition prescribed volume (-428±243ml/day), energy (-665±412 Kcal/day) and protein (-30±19 g protein/day) was received. Individual patients' evaluation demonstrated that about 40 percent of the prescribed volume was not actually given. The main reasons for enteral nutrition interruptions were nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation and clinical complications (52 percent); diagnostic procedures (41.6 percent); and transition to oral feeding (5.6 percent). CONCLUSION: Patients admitted to intensive care unit receive less than the prescribed enteral nutrition. The routine care and gastrointestinal tract complications lead to enteral nutrition interruptions, contributing to less than prescribed calories administration.

Enteral nutrition: differences between volume, energy and protein prescribed and administered in adults. / Nutrição enteral: diferenças entre volume, calorias e proteínas prescritos e administrados em adultos.

OBJECTIVES: Different conditions require that critically ill patients to receive lower than prescribed enteral nutrition volumes, energy and protein. This study objective was to evaluate the prescribed versus administered enteral nutrition difference in adults admitted to an intensive care unit. METHODS: In 2009, patients were followed for 30 days from the start of enteral nutrition to its discontinuation, or discharge from the intensive care unit. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to evaluate prescribed versus administered differences. RESULTS: Eighty five patients were enrolled; mean age was 58.6±18.0 years and 40% were male. The patients remained in hospital for 29.5 days (IQ: 15.2 - 48.7) and were under enteral nutrition for 10 (IQ: 4.2 - 27.5) days. Lower than enteral nutrition prescribed volume (-428±243ml/day), energy (-665±412 Kcal/day) and protein (-30±19 g protein/day) was received. Individual patients' evaluation demonstrated that about 40% of the prescribed volume was not actually given. The main reasons for enteral nutrition interruptions were nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation and clinical complications (52%); diagnostic procedures (41.6%); and transition to oral feeding (5.6%). CONCLUSION: Patients admitted to intensive care unit receive less than the prescribed enteral nutrition. The routine care and gastrointestinal tract complications lead to enteral nutrition interruptions, contributing to less than prescribed calories administration.